Douglas
Fir • Pseudotsuga menziesii
- Type: Evergreen conifer
- Size: Large
- Shape: Pyramidal
- Mature Height: 80-100 ft , 10 Year: 10-12
ft
- Spread: 20 ft
- Light: Full Sun to part shade
- Ideal light: Full sun
- Soil: Dry to moist
- Growth Rate: Fast
- Drought Tolerant
- Wildlife Value: ★★★★★
- Deer resistant
Thick, fire-resistant bark. Tolerates drought when
established. Great for wildlife. Evergreen Douglas Firs are
an essential part of native Pacific Northwest forests. These
conifers feature an upright, pyramidal shape with lush
needles. Requires very little maintenance. It can be grown
in almost any native soil but will sometimes blow down if
planted in shallow soils over compacted clay or glacial
till. For that reason it has better luck growing in groves
that have been thinned a bit to allow air circulation. |
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Grand
Fir • Abies
grandis
- Type: Evergreen conifer
- Size: Large
- Shape: Pyramidal
- Mature Height: 100 ft , 10 Year: 25 ft
- Spread: 35 ft
- Light: Full Sun to shade
- Soil: Dry to moist
- Drought Tolerant
- Wildlife Value: ★★★★
- Deer resistant
Fragrant, citrusy scent. Produces few cones. Attractive
form. Tidy foliage. Fantastic habitat and food source for
wildlife. Shade tolerant. Prefers to establish under some
shade. |
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Mountain
Hemlock • Tsuga
mertensiana
- Type: Evergreen conifer
- Size: Large
- Shape: Pyramidal
- Mature Height: 60-100 ft , 10 Year: 10 ft
- Spread: 20 ft
- Light: Full Sun to part shade
- Soil: Well drained
- Growth Rate: Slow
- Wildlife Value: ★★★
- Deer resistant
Narrow tree considered the best native conifer for small
gardens. Prefers moist cool air. |
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Western
Hemlock • Tsuga
heterophylla
- Type: Evergreen conifer
- Size: Large
- Shape: Pyramidal
- Mature Height: 100 ft , 10 Year: 12 ft
- Spread: 30 ft
- Light: Part to full shade
- Ideal light: Part shade
- Soil: Wet to Moist
- Growth Rate: Slow
- Wildlife Value: ★★★★★
- Deer resistant
Hemlock is probably the most beautiful of our native trees.
Graceful, needles soft to the touch. Droopy leader. Needs
shade for survival. Variable needle length and small cones.
Not recommended over patios, cars, etc. as harmless insects
drop sticky honeydew. Washington's state tree! |
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Garry
Oak • Quercus
garryana
- Type: Deciduous
- Size: Large
- Shape: Broad
- Mature Height: 75 ft , 10 Year: 15 ft
- Spread: 50 ft
- Light: Full Sun to part shade
- Ideal light: Full sun
- Soil: Dry
- Growth Rate: Slow
- Drought Tolerant
- Wildlife Value: ★★★★★
- Seasonal features: Coppery-orange to brown leaves in
fall
Fire resistant and drought tolerant. A majestic, long-lived,
climate-resilient, drought-tolerant Pacific Northwest
native. Acorns are eaten by birds and mammals. Not good for
irrigated lawns. Needs dry summer soil once established.
25ft tall in 20 years. |
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Black
Hawthorn • Crataegus douglasii
- Type: Deciduous
- Size: Medium
- Shape: Round
- Mature Height: 30 ft
- Spread: 25 ft
- Light: Full Sun to part shade
- Soil: Moist to wet
- Flowering
- Produces Fruit
- Wildlife Value: ★★★★
- Seasonal features: White flowers May-June; Fall color
Orange-red leaves in fall. Suckers from roots can form a
thicket. Prune to form shrub or tree shape. Provides
excellent food and shelter for wildlife. White flowers with
blackish fruit. Infrequent but sharp thorns add spiny
interest. Edible fruit, best cooked in jams and sauces. |
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Cascara • Rhamnus purshiana
- Type: Deciduous
- Size: Medium
- Shape: Upright Oval
- Mature Height: 30 ft
- Spread: 20 ft
- Light: Full Sun to shade
- Ideal light: Part sun
- Soil: Wet to Dry
- Drought Tolerant
- Flowering
- Wildlife Value: ★★★
- Seasonal features: White flowers in May-June,
beautiful fall color
Small hidden flowers. Very attractive fruit. Both the
flowers and fruit attract various wildlife. Attractive fall
color. Fire resistant. Not recommended to eat the fruit. |
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Chokecherry • Prunus virginiana
- Type: Deciduous
- Size: Medium
- Shape: Round
- Mature Height: 30 ft
- Light: Full sun to mostly shade
- Soil: Dry to moist
- Drought Tolerant
- Flowering
- Produces Fruit
- Wildlife Value: ★★★★
Broad range North American native. Blooms ornamental and
showy. Fruits. Erosion control. Great understory tree. Dark
blue edible cherries, makes good jelly. Important food for
wildlife in July and August. |
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Pacific
Crabapple • Malus fusca
- Type: Deciduous
- Size: Medium
- Shape: Round
- Mature Height: 35 ft
- Spread: 20 ft
- Light: Full Sun to part shade
- Soil: Moist to wet
- Flowering
- Produces Fruit
- Wildlife Value: ★★★★★
- Seasonal features: Pinkish-white flowers in April-May
Excellent wildlife plant. Pacific Crabapple's fruits and
thickets can provide good cover for wildlife. Beautiful pink
to white flowers in the spring followed by yellow to red
fruit. Red to yellow-orange fall leaves. Edible fruit, best
cooked. |
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Western
Mountain Ash • Sorbus sitchensis
- Type: Deciduous
- Size: Small
- Shape: Shrub
- Mature Height: 12 ft
- Light: Full Sun to part shade
- Soil: Dry to moist
- Flowering
- Wildlife Value: ★★
Resistant to emerald ash borer. Typically grows as a small
tree or shrub. Some bird food value. Red berries and red
fall leaves. |
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Pacific
rhododendron • Rhododendron macrophyllum
- Type: Evergreen broadleaf
- Size: Medium
- Shape: Shrub
- Mature Height: 25 ft
- Light: Part to full shade
- Ideal light: Shade
- Soil: Dry to moist
- Flowering
- Wildlife Value: ★★
Large clusters of rosy pink, sometimes white flowers. Can be
used as a thicket or wide, evergreen hedgerow. Blooms best
on forest edges but is known to bloom in dark forest as
well. |
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California Lilac • Ceanothus thyrsiflorus
- Type: Evergreen broadleaf
- Size: Small
- Shape: Shrub
- Mature Height: 12 ft
- Light: Full sun
- Soil: Well drained
- Growth Rate: Fast
- Drought Tolerant
- Flowering
- Wildlife Value: ★★★
- Deer resistant
- Seasonal features: Flowers
Attractive all year. Flowers may range from blue to white.
Forms shrubby screen or hedge. Can be pruned to single or
multi-stemmed tree form. Popular with birds, butterflies,
and other pollinators. May freeze out in winter. |
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Pacific
Wax Myrtle • Morella californica
- Type: Evergreen broadleaf
- Size: Small
- Shape: Shrub
- Mature Height: 15 ft
- Spread: 25 ft
- Light: Full Sun to part shade
- Soil: Dry to moist
- Drought Tolerant
- Produces Fruit
- Wildlife Value: ★★★
- Deer resistant
Can be pruned into tree shape or mass-planted to form a
hedge. Fragrant, spicy aroma. Wildlife friendly with purple
fruits for birds. Grows best with some sunlight, but it will
grow in full shade. |
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